If not for the advice that Deng Xiaoping sought, and received, from Japan and Singapore, there would have been less of the miraculous in China's economic miracle. Japan showed that China, like Japan, could rapidly develop via export-led industrialization, and that required a partnership between the state and private firms, rather than state-owned. From Singapore, Beijing learned it needed to bring in foreign companies in order to create modern industries.
Soon after ascending to power Deng visited Japan, met with business leaders, toured a Nissan plant, and saw the future. He invited one of the legends who created Japan's high-growth era, Saburo Okita, to lecture government leaders and become an official adviser. While Japanese technology was the hardware, its relations between government and business and its management techniques were the software. Unlike Japan, China welcomed foreign investment, a strategy gleaned from Singapore.
These days, in pursuit of political goals at home and abroad, Xi Jinping is weakening many of those successful practices and institutions. Whether Xi is aware of it or not, his posture is killing the geese that laid the golden eggs of economic growth

For details, see https://richardkatz.substack.com/p/xi-jinping-seeks-to-ban-socialism

Richard Katz

https://richardkatz.substack.com/